Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by differences in brain chemistry and structure. It presents as a persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, or both, which occurs more frequently and intensely than typically seen in individuals at similar developmental stages. ADHD usually begins in childhood but can continue into adulthood, with some individuals experiencing symptoms lifelong while others may see improvement over time.
Signs and Symptoms
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) categorizes ADHD symptoms into three types:
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Inattentive Type: Difficulty sustaining attention, careless mistakes, poor listening, unfinished tasks, failure to follow instructions, and distractibility (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
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Hyperactive Type: Excessive fidgeting, talking, running or climbing inappropriately, interrupting others, and difficulty waiting turns (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
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Combined Type: Presence of six or more symptoms from both inattentive and hyperactive categories (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
Causes of ADHD
Genetics are the primary suspected cause of ADHD, though environmental factors such as diet, parenting styles, and screen time have been explored without conclusive evidence (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2022). ADHD results from a complex interplay of genetic and neurobiological factors.
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References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Data & statistics on ADHD. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/facts.html
National Institute of Mental Health. (2022). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd
ADHD is treatable. The professionals of Apex Behavioral Health, P.L.L.C. are leaders in the testing and treatment of ADHD.
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